Stellar Metamorphosis Summary

Stellar Metamorphosis: An Alternative for the Star Sciences
Jeffrey J Wolynski - Jeffrey.wolynski@yahoo.com

1. Observations that Falsify the Proto-planetary Disk/Nebular Hypothesis Model:
   1. They orbit the opposite direction their host star is rotating. The backwards orbits completely falsifies any notion of a coherent one direction disk forming Earth sized objects.
   2. The system TYC 8241 2652 had an alleged proto-planetary disk. This disk glowed brightly in the infrared when discovered in 1983, but as of 2 ½ years ago has stopped glowing in the infrared. This system falsifies the idea that disks create Earth sized objects because the proto-planetary disk model absolutely requires that the disk be present for millions of years. The infrared glowing is simply the result of a series of giant collision events that create trillions of tons of star shrapnel known as asteroids, meteorites and small moon-like objects that are undifferentiated. Therefore TYC 8241 2652 is not evidence of star/planet formation but star/planet destruction caused by objects clearing their path for more stable orbits.
   3. There is no physical mechanism in the solar nebula model to explain the angular momentum loss of the Sun. This has been known since the inception of the protoplanetary disk as it has falsified it since the beginning. Disks do not become spheres unless the angular momentum is lost.
   4. Two older stars orbiting their host star at about the same distance but have different compositions and sizes. This was not predicted by the protoplanetary disk model.
   5. An "exo-planet" without a host star falsifies the definition of "planet", thus the idea of needing a disk to create objects at any time vanishes.
   6. Many "exo-planets" have highly eccentric orbits, whereas the proto-planetary disk model absolutely requires mostly circular orbits. Highly eccentric orbits were not predicted by the protoplanetary disk model.
   7. Multiple sets of binary stars have been found to have orbital periods of less than 5 hours. This is not predicted by the protoplanetary disk model. As well it falsifies gravitational accretion because these stars should have already squeezed together to make one single star. These stars simply formed in different areas of the galaxy and took up orbit around each other further along their life spans.
   8. Gas contraction from gravity alone in the hard vacuum of outer space has never been observed in nature or shown in an experiment.
   9. Gravitation has never been observed to heat gas to plasma as the nebular hypothesis requires.
   10. Current theories are unable to explain how the cores of giant planets can form fast enough to accumulate significant amounts of gas from the quickly disappearing proto-planetary disk.
   11. The proto-planetary disk model can not explain giant planet migration. All stars are born in separate places and change their orbits. All the stars in our system came from somewhere else in the galaxy. We live in an adopted family, not a nuclear one.
   12. They do not know how Jupiter sized objects and bigger can orbit newer larger stars.
   13. They do not know how binary stars could host "planets". http://vixra.org/pdf/1402.0016v1.pdf
2. Short explanation of Stellar Metamorphosis so that the falsified Nebular Hypothesis can be effectively replaced.
   1. All stars die and their plasma recombines into gas. This gas then deposits as crystalline structure and liquid structure. Thus a star becomes a "planet".
   2. All stars are born as singular entities from the electromagnetic process known as a z-pinch completely separate from other stars.
   3. As they travel the galaxy and age they take up residence around other stars as they cool and shrink, becoming what are called planets, exo-planets and moons.
   4. Evidence for collision and destructive events which form moons is currently confused with the creation of objects as in the case of Beta Pictoris which possesses large swaths of debris that glows in the infrared.
   5. Supernova explosions are something else entirely, such as the signaling the creation of a pulsar or new star from the connection of two intergalactic electrical circuits.
   6. It is hypothesized that Mercury has stopped undergoing metamorphosis and is an excellent example of the composition of all stars that have died and are continually transported from solar system to solar system.
   7. Stars and planets are the same objects only in different stages of evolution. A star per definition is a new planet, and planet per definition is an older star. Thus calling a "star" a "planet" or a "planet" a star is correct, the terms are synonomous. I guess it would be okay to call the new planets "stars" and the old stars as "planets". A scientist can mix the two terms together all day long and still mean the same thing. They can also talk about the old stars in our solar system, or the new planet that the other older planets revolve around. It doesn't matter really, just as long as it is clear that young stars/planets are mostly plasma and the ancient dead ones are small solid worlds without magnetic fields.
   8. The study of the Earth itself is grounds for the study of the eventual evolution of all normal stars. The Earth itself is an ancient star vastly older than the Sun.
   9. Uranus is the next Earth according to this theory. All it needs to do is scoot closer to a hotter, younger star and its atmosphere will start evaporating and the core will show, full of water, and chemicals the exact same composition and density of the Earth.
3. 2.1 Matter Creation
   1. Quasars create matter as they are new born galaxies.
   2. A picture of this matter creation is provided as the radio galaxy Hercules A, as it is a new galaxy growing new arms.
4. 2.2 Gas to Plasma
   1. A portion of a large gas cloud that was created by a birthing galaxy condenses and is squeezed and heated by a Z-pinch mechanism.
   2. The pinching and heating of the material is caused by enormous electric current flowing through the gas causing very strong magnetic fields to ionize the gas to plasma, similar to an induction heater used to melt metals.
   3. The enormous amount of heat and pressurization in the center of this object causes the outer layers to exhibit extremely cold temperatures so that thermodynamic equilibrium remains steady as the star is forming.
   4. Below is a picture of the Boomerang Nebula, this is a birthing star, as no math is required to see what a new star looks like. Boomerang Nebula
5. 2.3 Plasma to Gas
   1. A young star full of plasma remains very hot and large, as the majority of the mass is located in the outer shell of the star.
6. 2.4 Gas to Solids and Liquids
   1. A gas giant continues cooling and deposits the material as solids and liquids thus forming what are called " rocky planets " like Earth.
   2. The gas undergoes continual deposition, condensation and freezing on higher temperature and pressure scales.
   3. This process creates the very ground that is walked upon, and is also why geological areas are made of layered rock such as the Grand Canyon.
   4. Also water vapor in the atmosphere of the cooling star cools considerably and becomes liquid in very large amounts, thus forming the oceans.
7. 2.5 Solid Material to Asteroids and Rings
   1. The dead star wanders the galaxy smashing into other dead stars as they change orbits creating asteroid belts and rings around other younger stars.
8. 2.6 Phase Transitions
   1. Thermodynamic phase transitions are the process with which plasma can change its state back to a gas, or a gas can become a solid/liquid or go back to being plasma again.
   2. The incredible amount of energy that can be stored and released when a young star cools and recombines the vast majority of its plasma into gas or gas into plasma is astounding as this recombination and ionization on large scales are what cause solar flares.
   3. If gas deposition did not occur inside of middle aged stars such as Jupiter or Saturn, then the older stars such as the Earth would have never formed incredible oil deposits or any layered material such as the Grand Canyon or any geological formation for that matter.
   4. Thus meaning gravitation itself is a thermodynamic event in which a stars material is simply losing enthalpy at a specific rate.
   5. Thus also meaning gravitation is not a force, is definitely NOT constant as is taught and believed by the establishment, and is definitely NOT caused by math equations that state that space warps.
   6. The faster the lowering of enthalpy the higher the " gravitation ", thus meaning if a star loses enthalpy faster than another, it will exert more " gravitation ".
   7. Actual objects changing their state cause gravitation, not fantasies like space-time warping or fictional objects like gravitons.

 

 

 

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