Really one of the more interesting sites and subjects I've seen in over a year. Bears watching...
Jim
Harry Costas
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
G'day
Although it is well known and said that stars start via a hydrogen collection. Is in my opinion questionable.
Hydrogen under extreme gravity changes to Neutrons and under such gravity compacts as one of the most stable Hadronic matter in the universe. Take it one step forward, I just got emailed this link. Knowing that Quarks form Neutrons and Protons one would think of the probability of Quark matter and this leads us to find such matter and its properties.
Authors: Cristiane Oldoni da Silva, Paulo Laerte Natti (Submitted on 27 Jul 2010)
Abstract: The discovery of many particles, especially in the 50's, when the firsts accelerators appeared, caused the searching for a model that would describe in a simple form the whole of known particles. The Quark Model, based in the mathematical structures of group theory, provided in the beginning of the 60's a simplified description of hadronic matter already known, proposing that three particles, called quarks, would originate all the observed hadrons. This model was able to preview the existence of particles that were later detected, confirming its consistency. Extensions of the Quark Model were made in the beginning of the 70's, focusing in describing observed particles that were excited states of the fundamental particles and others that presented new quantum numbers (flavors). Recently, exotic states as tetraquarks and pentaquarks types, also called multiquarks systems, previewed by the model, were observed, what renewed the interest in the way as quarks are confined inside the hadrons. In this article we present a review of the Quark Model and a discussion on the new exotic states.
and another was emailed as I was writing this post.
Authors: Brian Niebergal, Rachid Ouyed, Rodrigo Negreiros, Fridolin Weber (Submitted on 28 Jul 2010)
Abstract: Compact stars made of quark matter rather than confined hadronic matter, are expected to form a color superconductor. This superconductor ought to be threaded with rotational vortex lines within which the star's interior magnetic field is confined. The vortices (and thus magnetic flux) would be expelled from the star during stellar spin-down, leading to magnetic reconnection at the surface of the star and the prolific production of thermal energy. In this Letter, we show that this energy release can re-heat quark stars to exceptionally high temperatures, such as observed for Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs), Anomalous X-Ray pulsars (AXPs), and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs). Moreover, our numerical investigations of the temperature evolution, spin-down rate, and magnetic field behavior of such superconducting quark stars suggest that SGRs, AXPs, and XDINs may be linked ancestrally. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a time delay before the star enters the color superconducting phase, which can be used to estimate the density at which quarks deconfine. We find this density to be five times that of nuclear saturation.
What I think of these papers should not influence your thinking, but the attempt is made to find the quantum dynamics in expalining the Electric UNiverse.
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
Harry said: Although it is well known and said that stars start via a hydrogen collection. Is in my opinion questionable. Hydrogen under extreme gravity changes to Neutrons and under such gravity compacts as one of the most stable Hadronic matter in the universe.
* It's questionable to me too that stars start as hydrogen, which is why I underlined the first clause and put a question mark after it. However, Santilli & Co. as well as EU scientists seem to disagree about gravity turning H into neutrons. Neutrons are formed by powerful magnetic fields produced by powerful electric currents. Neutrons don't necessarily start from hydrogen, but may start from free protons and free electrons. Nor are neutrons stable, it seems, except within atomic structures.
Take it one step forward, I just got emailed this link. Knowing that Quarks form Neutrons and Protons one would think of the probability of Quark matter and this leads us to find such matter and its properties. http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.4824 Quark Model and multiquark system Authors: Cristiane Oldoni da Silva, Paulo Laerte Natti (Submitted on 27 Jul 2010) Abstract: The discovery of many particles, especially in the 50's, when the firsts accelerators appeared, caused the searching for a model that would describe in a simple form the whole of known particles. The Quark Model .... and another was emailed as I was writing this post. http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.4860 Vortex Dynamics in Color-Superconducting Quark stars: The Re-heating of Magnetars Authors: Brian Niebergal, Rachid Ouyed, Rodrigo Negreiros, Fridolin Weber (Submitted on 28 Jul 2010) Abstract: Compact stars made of quark matter rather than confined hadronic matter, are expected to form a color superconductor.
* Santilli's paper, which this thread is largely about, says conventional quantum mechanics is outdated and his Hadronic Mechanics is a big improvement over it. It says also that quarks have never been detected, but the paper shows what the various exotic hadrons consist of. For example, pions consist of a paired electron and positron, both mutated. The others are similar.
This superconductor [old star] ought to be threaded with rotational vortex lines within which the star's interior magnetic field is confined. The vortices (and thus magnetic flux) would be expelled from the star during stellar spin-down, leading to magnetic reconnection at the surface of the star and the prolific production of thermal energy.
* The interiors of stars are not thermonuclear, as conventionally thought. Their spins are likely due to electric and magnetic fields from the galactic current, so they don't spin down until the current decreases. Magnetic reconnection is an erroneous view of magnetic field behavior. Thermal energy in stars is likely controlled by the galactic current, not internal content.
In this Letter, we show that this energy release can re-heat quark stars to exceptionally high temperatures, such as observed for Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs), Anomalous X-Ray pulsars (AXPs), and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs).
* Pulsars etc do not pulse due to rotation, but due to electric discharges, similar to car blinker lights connected to capacitors. The pulses are not at all related to the spin rate of the star.
Moreover, our numerical investigations of the temperature evolution, spin-down rate, and magnetic field behavior of such superconducting quark stars suggest that SGRs, AXPs, and XDINs may be linked ancestrally.
* They are linked only by similar galactic electric current conditions.
What I think of these papers should not influence your thinking, but the attempt is made to find the quantum dynamics in explaining the Electric UNiverse.
* You have to go beyond conventional quantum theory to Hadronic Mechanics etc to explain the EU. Have you read any part of Santilli's paper yet? That's where you'll find reality, not in conventional quantum mechanics and relativity.
Harry Costas
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
G'day Lloyd
You said
Neutrons are formed by powerful magnetic fields produced by powerful electric currents. Neutrons don't necessarily start from hydrogen, but may start from free protons and free electrons. Nor are neutrons stable, it seems, except within atomic structures.
The issue is this: How do the electric currents form and what causes their link?
As for the formation of Neutrons yes they may have various origins. But! at the core of a star the Neutron remains stable, any Hydrogen/protons change to Neutrons and EM reconnection as a cyclic process feeds the core.
You may want to research photo-disintergration of heavy elements such as Fe to Neutrons.
Sgr A East as a possible high energy neutron factory in the Galactic Centre
Authors: Dario Grasso (SNS and INFN, Pisa), Luca Maccione (Pisa U. and INFN Pisa) (Submitted on 14 Apr 2005 (v1), last revised 28 Jul 2005 (this version, v3))
Abstract: Sgr A East is a supernova remnant located within few parsecs from the Galactic Centre (GC). There are good reasons to believe that this object is the source of the gamma-ray excess detected by HESS in the direction of the GC meaning that Sgr A East is likely to be an efficient Cosmic Ray accelerator. Some observations suggest that strong magnetic fields may be present in that region allowing the acceleration of composite nuclei in Sgr A East beyond the EeV. We show that, if this is case, EeV neutrons should be effectively produced by the photo-disintegration of Ultra High Energy nuclei onto the IR photon background (with temperature $sim 40$ K) in which Sgr A East is embedded. Neutrons with such an energy can reach the Earth before decaying and may be detectable under the form of a CR point-like excess in the direction of the GC. We determine the expected energy spectrum and the amplitude of this signal showing that it may be measurable by the AUGER observatory.
You also said
Santilli's paper, which this thread is largely about, says conventional quantum mechanics is outdated and his Hadronic Mechanics is a big improvement over it. It says also that quarks have never been detected, but the paper shows what the various exotic hadrons consist of. For example, pions consist of a paired electron and positron, both mutated. The others are similar.
Quantum Mechanics is such a complex field that you will need to research the updated papers, it is consistently being on the up for the last few years.
Hadronic matter is what I have being reading through for the last two years.
You may find this paper of interest
http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.3630 Chiral-particle Approach to Hadrons in an Extended Chiral ($sigma,pi,omega$) Mean-Field Model
Authors: Schun T. Uechi, Hiroshi Uechi (Submitted on 21 Jul 2010 (v1), last revised 26 Jul 2010 (this version, v2))
Abstract: The chiral nonlinear ($sigma,pi,omega$) mean-field model is an extension of the conserving nonlinear (nonchiral) $sigma$-$omega$ hadronic mean-field model which is thermodynamically consistent, relativistic and Lorentz-covariant mean-field theory of hadrons. In the extended chiral ($sigma,pi,omega$) mean-field model, all the masses of hadrons are produced by chiral symmetry breaking mechanism, which is different from other conventional chiral partner models. By comparing both nonchiral and chiral mean-field approximations, the effects of chiral symmetry breaking to the mass of $sigma$-meson, coefficients of nonlinear interactions, coupling ratios of hyperons to nucleons and Fermi-liquid properties are investigated in nuclear matter, hyperonic matter, and neutron stars.
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
Harry said: The issue is this: How do the electric currents form and what causes their link?
* If you'd read more EU material, such as at http://holoscience.com, you'd find answers to such questions. Electric currents may form in several ways. Even the gravitational forces within a star would tend to separate charges, by forming dipoles with their heaviest parts toward the center and the electrons toward the surface, which tend to dislodge from atoms and repel toward the surface. * Another means is by the plasma guns at the centers of galaxies, which shoot out highly ionized quasars at high velocity. The magnetic field of the gun holds back outer electrons, which follow after the quasars in jets. * Once there is charge separation, there's no mystery about how currents would then flow or link.
As for the formation of Neutrons yes they may have various origins. But! at the core of a star the Neutron remains stable, any Hydrogen/protons change to Neutrons and EM reconnection as a cyclic process feeds the core.
* This is pure fantasy. There's no evidence that neutrons can be stable outside of atomic nuclei. Magnetic reconnection is also fantasy that results from [on the part of most astronomers probably arrogant] ignorance of plasma behavior.
You may want to research photo-disintergration of heavy elements such as Fe to Neutrons.
* You may want to study more promising leads, such as Santilli and the regular EU material.
Quantum Mechanics is such a complex field that you will need to research the updated papers, it is consistently being on the up for the last few years.
* But Santilli has explained numerous false assumptions that continue to be made in Quantum Mechanics that makes virtually all of the QM findings largely fantasy and you apparently haven't bothered to read any of that yet, even though it's what this thread is about.
Harry Costas
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
G'day Lloyd
Mate do not limit yourself to fantasy.
As for EU papers, read them all
They are on track.
As for Hadronic Mechanics, this is cutting edge science.
You said
This is pure fantasy. There's no evidence that neutrons can be stable outside of atomic nuclei. Magnetic reconnection is also fantasy that results from [on the part of most astronomers probably arrogant] ignorance of plasma behavior.
This is where you need to research, why take my words for it.
This is pure plasma dynamics, its all plasma science.
Abstract: It is well known that neutron stars spin down due to magnetic dipole radiation. The deconfinement phase transition of hadron matter to quark matter is expected to occur in the dense cores of the stars during spin-down. The phase transition continuously takes place inducing not only structural changes but also energy release in case of a first-order phase transition. The generation of energy increases the internal energy of the stars which is called deconfinement heating. The temperature of the stars arise when the deconfinement heating appears in the cores. We explore the deconfinement signature by studying the changes of surface temperature in the thermal evolution process of neutron stars.
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
Harry, you should really take your neutron star and quantum mechanics material to an appropriate thread on the New Insights and Mad Ideas board. This thread is about Hadronic Mechanics findings.
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
LIGHT & PHOTONS * I decided to see what HM has to say about photons and I found the following at: http://www.santilli-foundation.org/santilli-scientific-disc~. I think it's interesting that Santilli thinks there is an ether that propagates photons. See below. Note that he says the ether not only propagates light, but creates it as well.
5) Photons that may be emitted within the interior of hadrons reach the outside vacuum either redshifted or blueshifted depending on the density of the hadron considered (see Isoaxiom IV).
... As it is well known, all action-at-a-distance interactions cannot accelerate matter beyond the speed of light in vacuum, since the mere achievement of the speed of light would require infinite energy. For the case of maximal causal speeds within physical media, the situation is different for several reasons. To begin, the speed of light is no longer the maximal causal speed within physical media, as it is well established for water where ordinary electrons can travel faster than the local speed of electromagnetic waves. Causality is preserved by Santilli isorelativity precisely because its maximal causal speed in water is bigger than the local speed of light, and turns out to be given by the speed of light in vacuum due to the homogeneity and isotropy of the medium, (5.42) WATER: b4 = b3, Vmax, water = c x b4 / b3 = c. In turn, the above values for Vmax and C = c x b4 assure the validity of the isotopic sum of speed of light as well as all Santilli isoaxioms, as one can verify. - Furthermore, motion within physical media occurs under the additional presence of contact interactions that have no potential energy, thus being able to accelerate particles without any local energy consideration, as it is the case of a leaf accelerating in air. When strong interactions are assumed to have a contact, nonpotential component, they can accelerate particles (within hyperdense media) faster than the local speed of light, precisely as it is the case for electrons moving in water at speed bigger than the local speed of light, but always smaller than the maximal causal speed.
... During his early studies in the 1950s, Santilli resolved the problem of the "ethereal wind" by reducing all matter to oscillations of the ether (Section 3.2), identified various impossibilities of reducing all electromagnetic waves to photons, recalled the ultimate structure of photons themselves being wavepackets, and restored the Maxwellian conception of electromagnetic waves propagating in the ether as a universal substratum. From the transversal character of the waves, Santilli concludes in his early works of 1952 that the ether is a universal medium of very big rigidity and energy density. As Santilli puts in his early works of 1950s: - You can hear my voice because there is a medium, the atmosphere, propagating sound waves, in which absence sound does not exist. Similarly, you can see my face because of the existence of a universal medium, the ether, creating and propagating light. In the absence of such a medium, light cannot exist, let alone cannot propagate. The longitudinal character of sound waves (oscillation in the direction of propagation) confirms that the atmosphere is a compressible medium without rigidity. Consequently, the sole possible interpretation of the transversal character of light (oscillations perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is that the ether is a medium with a primary characteristic we call "rigidity." The very big value of the speed of light can solely be represented with the assumption of the ether as a medium with extremely big rigidity and, consequently, very big energy density. - This chapter in general, as well as this section in particular, are devoted to the outline of the vast experimental evidence accumulated since the early 1950s confirming Santilli's original conceptions of the early 1950 according to which: - 1) Electromagnetic waves are created and propagated by the ether as a universal medium with very big rigidity and energy density; - 2) When electromagnetic waves have a sufficiently small wavelength to allow their meaningful reduction to photons and related interactions with atoms, photons themselves are not "particles," but wavepackets with well defined frequency and wavelength, thus also requiring a universal medium for their very existence and propagation; - 3) Electromagnetic waves propagate in vacuum at the speed c, thus verifying the Lorentz-Poincare' symmetry of empty spacetime, and propagate within physical media at the locally varying speed C = c/n, where n is the local index of refraction depending on the frequency of the waves f, density of the medium d, and other local variables, n = n(f, d, ...).
mharratsc
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
[/Authors: Miao Kang (Submitted on 1 Jun 2010)
Abstract: It is well known that neutron stars spin down due to magnetic dipole radiation. The deconfinement phase transition of hadron matter to quark matter is expected to occur in the dense cores of the stars during spin-down. The phase transition continuously takes place inducing not only structural changes but also energy release in case of a first-order phase transition. The generation of energy increases the internal energy of the stars which is called deconfinement heating. The temperature of the stars arise when the deconfinement heating appears in the cores. We explore the deconfinement signature by studying the changes of surface temperature in the thermal evolution process of neutron stars.
You offer this paper like it is some sort of proof of concept. Neutron stars are hypothetical- there is nothing that is well-known since no scientific experiment has proven the physics of the model. 'Magnetic dipole radiation'?? Isn't that a magnetic field?? Have we seen any other astronomical objects 'spin down' from having magnetic fields? What is 'spinning down', anyway? Slowing its rotational velocity? Where's the proof of concept for that?? And what forum is it 'well known' about all this hypothetical stuff, anyway? Bad Astronomy?
Is this paper supposed to be about stellar bodies, or sub-nuclear composition? If it's about sub-nuclear composition, why are they positing beliefs about what lies at the hearts of stars, when we have matter right here on our planet that we can play with, at stellar temperatures, in laboratories?
The deconfinement phase transition of hadron matter to quark matter is expected to occur in the dense cores of the stars during spin-down.
Err... what???
Dude, I'll buy everything Santilli said in his paper regarding his math at face value... but I don't see it being applied correctly in the clip of the article above, I'm sorry. I just don't think it's the best example you could've used, is all. :
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
* Mike, I agree, but I'd still rather discuss Hadronic Mechanics here, rather than Harry's distractions.
Santilli's argument is that, when propagating within a physical medium, light loses energy E = hf to the medium due to interactions, with consequential decrease of the frequency f.
... The admission of the local character of the speed of light eliminates any need for the expansion of the universe. In fact, Santilli (2007) first assumes the limit case of no intergalactic motion at all, (5.138) v = v exp = 0. - As a result, the cosmological redshift cannot any longer be interpreted as due to the Doppler's shift. However, by recalling the expression λ f = C, it is easy to see that the cosmological redshift can be numerically represented via the new law known as Santilli cosmological isoredshift (5.139) z cos m = (c/λ)(1 - 1/ n cos m) referred to a redshift of light not due to relative motion, but to the loss of energy to the medium due to interactions, with consequential decrease of the frequency.
... It is evident that Santilli cosmological isoredshift implies the expansion of the universe as well as the increase of the expansion with the distance.
... Additionally, the model [Santilli's] produces a dependence of the cosmological isoredshift on the frequency, wavelength, distance, energy density, temperature, and other characteristics.
* The second paragraph suggests that there is no expansion of the universe, while the next to last paragraph suggests that there is expansion of it. I guess Santilli or his reviewer has trouble with English, so it's not clear from this what his actual claim is about expansion of the universe. He definitely seems to consider the big bang as incorrect. Anyway, the last paragraph admits that he may have made a wrong assumption by neglecting to consider "other characteristics" such as charge. * He claims that dark matter and dark energy are incorrect ideas.
junglelord
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
Photons are a matrix wavepacket produced from Aether, I agree lloyd.
The use of (h) plancks constant is of interest to me and I consider it one of the quantum constants. The identification of aether as rigid and therefore very powerful energy density, causing transverse waves, due to it's rigidity, and my understanding of the Z pinch effects on aether with longitudinal waves brings me back to the work explained by Dollard on plasma instabilities effects on aether in impulse form. The intense power of these events are just incredible....blows my mind to actually understand and to appreciate this stuff.
I do not consider quarks to be elemental. I believe that only electrons and protons are fundamental. Experimental accellerators give us a view for nanoseconds of the broken shards of these eletrons and protons, like viewing a glass after throwing it against the wall, stating the shards of glass are the fundamental consituents of the once solid goblet and after they disappear, stating that was the elemental part.....amazingly retarded. Cheers
Harry Costas
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
G'day
You have got to be joking, science is not a club to dictate or filter information to your liking.
Its all on Hadronic matter research.
Seek and you will find.
Cutting edge information and you treat it as MAD papers. Now thats a joke and a half.
If you do not like to read the papers than please do not show the negative response until you have a better understanding.
Authors: E. B. Abdikamalov, H. Dimmelmeier, L. Rezzolla, J. C. Miller (Submitted on 10 Jun 2008)
Abstract: An increase in the central density of a neutron star may trigger a phase transition from hadronic matter to deconfined quark matter in the core, causing it to collapse to a more compact hybrid-star configuration. We present a study of this, building on previous work by Lin et al. (2006). We follow them in considering a supersonic phase transition and using a simplified equation of state, but our calculations are general relativistic (using 2D simulations in the conformally flat approximation) as compared with their 3D Newtonian treatment. We also improved the treatment of the initial phase transformation, avoiding the introduction of artificial convection. As before, we find that the emitted gravitational-wave spectrum is dominated by the fundamental quasi-radial and quadrupolar pulsation modes but the strain amplitudes are much smaller than suggested previously, which is disappointing for the detection prospects. However, we see significantly smaller damping and observe a nonlinear mode resonance which substantially enhances the emission in some cases. We explain the damping mechanisms operating, giving a different view from the previous work. Finally, we discuss the detectability of the gravitational waves, showing that the signal-to-noise ratio for current or second generation interferometers could be high enough to detect such events in our Galaxy, although third generation detectors would be needed to observe them out to the Virgo cluster, which would be necessary for having a reasonable event rate.
The experiments with the LHC may give us some understanding, but we are years from it.
mharratsc
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
You have got to be joking, science is not a club to dictate or filter information to your liking.
You're right. Science is a club that dictates and filters information to keep the mathematicians employed- that's what Mainstream is all about right now.
Mathematics is a language that you can use to describe the Universe. You can also use it to model 3D fuzzy pink unicorns in your favorite rendering engine.
Make it predict something you can experimentally verify, THEN it becomes Science.
Until then, it's just math.
I'm done here. Sorry for the disruption.
Lloyd
Re: Hadronic Mechanics Revolution
* Harry, if you can persuade Thornhill or Talbott et al that neutron stars are possible, then your mentioning articles about that might be proper for this board, but until that happens it's not appropriate here or anywhere on this board. Have you read what the introduction to this board says? This board is for Electric Universe discussion and nothing else. I believe Hadronic Mechanics qualifies, but I'm sure neutron stars and quantum mechanics etc do not. That leaves the New Insights board for your stuff.
