[2 New Comets]
Comet ISON is already generating excitement, since it is predicted to be one of the brightest ever seen in our lifetimes. It is scheduled to pass beginning November 28. The comet PANSTARRS is currently being seen in the south and will soon be seen here as well.
[Comets have Dust Tails, Ion Tails and sometimes Antitails]
http://www.optcorp.com/images2/articles/full-cometail.jpg
[The Dust Tail Curves]
... The Astroprof ... shows us that not only the ion tail but the dust tail initially moves off directly away from the Sun in all positions [along a comet's travel]. Tosar has diagrammed the dust tail at nearly a tangent [in the wrong portion of the comet's travel], but it wouldn't be at a tangent [except] ... when the comet was approaching the Sun.
... this [is] a bigger problem ... (b)ecause it shows us that it is not only the ions that are reacting to the Solar wind ..., it is the dust as well. The Astroprof explains it like this: ... the dust tail is a bit more complicated. It is pushed outward by light pressure... Most people don't realize it, but light can actually push on things. [Mathis says that's because photons have small mass, and I agree.] So, the light from the Sun is able to push the tiny dust grains outward. But, these dust grains are still orbiting the Sun. So, a push outward causes them to be pushed into farther orbits. The farther an orbit is from the Sun, the slower it moves. So, these dust grains lag ever so slightly behind the nucleus of the comet. The farther they are pushed, the more they lag, so the tail gently sweeps backward, though still largely pointing away from the Sun.
[Photoelectric Effect]
That answer is pretty clear, and part of it is actually close to correct. Problem is, it conflicts with current theory. That is why you won't see it at Wikipedia. Notice that the Astroprof is careful not to give the motion of the dust tail to the Solar Wind. He switches to light pressure. Why? Because the Solar Wind effect is currently given to the E/M field. The ion tail is moved by the Solar Wind precisely because it is ionic. It is charged. So the ion tail is explained as an E/M field effect. But the dust tail can't be explained that way, since the dust is not charged. It isn't ionic. It is also thought to be too heavy to be moved so forcibly by something as tenuous as the Solar Wind. It is not thought that [such weak] ion bombardment can so forcibly redirect relatively large particles like dust. If it could, the dust tail would also be given to the Solar Wind. So the Astroprof switches to light pressure, which is NOT thought to be an E/M field effect. Why not? Because photons are not thought to be charged. According to the mainstream, "photons have no electrical charge nor are they influenced by magnetic fields." They also have no mass. They also have no radius.
The Astroprof is using an extension of the photoelectric effect here to explain the dust tail, but the mainstream doesn't like to do that so explicitly since it puts their dirty laundry out in the front yard. It begs a whole passel of questions, starting with, 1) If light pressure can explain the motion of dust, why can't it explain the motion of ions? Surely it is easier to push little ions than to push larger dust particles? 2) Why should light pressure be a stronger force than the Solar Wind? If the Solar Wind is ions and the light is just photons, shouldn't the larger ions impart a greater force than the smaller photons? In the comet tail theories, it seems like the bigger particles are being pushed by the smaller field. Ions are pushed by ions, but dust is pushed by photons? 3) I will be told that the ion field interaction is not a simple push or bombardment. It is an E/M field effect. But if that is so, and if the photon pressure is NOT an E/M field effect, then how do the p[h]otons create pressure? If they have no mass and no radius, the field must also not be a bombarding field. If it is neither a bombarding field nor an E/M field, how is the force transferred to the dust? Yes, photons have energy, but if they have no mass or radius, how do they transfer that energy to the dust?
... we have just seen on the Astroprof's page that in most positions, the dust tail doesn't follow an orbital trajectory or look like a normal exhaust plume. The dust follows the same initial trajectory as the ions and then curves. ... If space is empty, what is driving the dust back in a curve? Why doesn't the dust travel back in a straight line like the ions? Both the light pressure and the Solar Wind are still blowing straight out on a radial line, all the way out to Pluto. Why should the dust curve back?
[Magnetic Force Curves Dust Tails]
[Mathis shows why conventional explanations fail, then says this.] ... my unified field has answers to almost all the questions that come up in cases like this. In the unified field, we don't need to separate photon pressure from "E/M field effects," because all E/M field effects are ultimately caused by photons. The Solar Wind itself travels in the charge field [photons], and is directed by it, so there is no real separation of Solar Wind from charge or photons. All the ions that come out of the Sun — whether these ions are an outcome of charge or fusion — must travel on pre-established charge field lines. This is because the E/M field is based on charge, and charge is photons. Charge itself is light pressure. The E/M field IS light pressure, not just visible Sunlight, but the entire spectrum. The photons drive the ions, and then the ions create the larger E/M field effects we see. But the photons drive the ions by real bombardment (including spin interactions). [Elsewhere he suggests that photons clump into electrons and clumps of electrons clump into protons etc. And photons have real spin, which causes the right angle effects of magnetic fields. When a lot of spinning photons, mostly spinning in the same direction, hit a dust grain, the grain is deflected at a right angle and so are the photons but in the opposite direction, like two colliding spinning ping-pong balls.]
The photons are not massless and they are not point particles. Photons do have a real radius. They also have real spins. The summed photon field will have a single spin value, but locally and individually the photons can have multiple spins and competing spins. Once we make the charge field photons real and mechanical (and stop separating charge ... from light photons), a lot of mysteries simply evaporate. For instance, we can now understand why the ion tail doesn't curve while the dust tail does.
The Solar charge field is made up of charge photons. It is the charge photons that set the field lines in the first instance. These field lines don't curve back at all relative to the Sun, since there is no reason for them to. They can't curve back relative to the center of the system, from which they are released. Most of the charge in the system comes from the Sun, and the Sun is at the center of the system. The center doesn't move relative to its own system, therefore the charge photons could not curve back relative to that unmoving center.
[Solar Wind Follows Photons]
The Solar Wind must follow this charge field as well. The charge field lines are pre-existing and much stronger than most understand. They are fully capable of channeling the ions in the Solar Wind, which are electrons or protons or other very small ions. When the Solar Wind hits the comet, the ions of the comet are also small enough to be fully channeled by the existing charge channels. This channeling is straight bombardment and is really no different than light pressure. The ion effect on the comet is initially electrical, not magnetic, and we can tell that just from the direction of the tail. Electrical effects like this match the motions we would expect from a bombarding field, and that is what we see.
The Solar Wind is moving out, as a matter of the particles, and so is the ion tail. That is bombardment, and it is also what we call electrical. The same applies to the dust. The initial motion could be called either electrical or photon pressure, since at the fundamental level they are the same thing (at least in this case). When the photons and the larger particles are moving in the same direction, we have an electrical effect. But when the larger particles are moving as a result of the photon spin, we have a magnetic effect. Therefore, the curvature of the dust indicates a magnetic effect .
Follow me closely here, because this is the kernel of the new argument. The ion tail doesn't curve back because the magnetic field of the comet matches the ambient magnetic field. The ions coming out of the comet aren't given any extra spin by the field, therefore they do not create any extra curve. In other words, the ions in and around the comet are already spinning to the left (say), so a left spinning photon field will not be able to spin them anymore than they are already spinning. Their trajectory, whatever it is, will not change. That is the definition of a straight trajectory.
[Magnetism is Photon Spin]
But the dust, being relatively magnetic-neutral, will not already be spun. This means the ambient photon field will be able to impart spin to it. As the dust moves off from the comet, it remains in the ambient field. So the dust gains spin from the field as time passes. This causes the curve. The dust, which is not initially ionized when it is still stuck in the comet head, is capable of becoming ionized once it is blown into small enough free particles. With the curve, we are watching the process of ionization. We are watching the dust particles being given more and more spin by the charge field [photons].
[Planetary Orbits]
If you extend this analysis, you can see that it is possible to explain the planetary orbit itself by such a magnetic effect, which is what I have done in previous papers . With the magnetic effect like this, you no longer need to explain the sideways motion of a planet as due to an "innate motion," as Newton did.The "sideways" motion of orbiters is a magnetic response to the Sun's charge field. That is why they all orbit in the same direction. In order for a planet to orbit retrograde, the Sun's charge field would have to change its summed spin, and it simply cannot do that. The summed spin is pre-determined by the spin of the galaxy, and is simply recycled by the Sun. Even the Sun can only respond to larger fields.
Magnetic Forces Burn up Some Bodies
This is why 93% of known short-period comets orbit prograde. The charge field nearer the Sun is simply too strong — and therefore too polarized — to allow retrograde comets (except in very specific circumstances, see below). This also explains the various torques in Solar System dynamics, which cannot be explained mechanically by the gravity field. These torques work at field tangents, and gravity cannot act at a right angle to the field. Only the magnetic field can work at a right angle or tangent to the gravity field. Every torque in celestial mechanics is an indication of the magnetic field, and therefore of the unified field.
[He goes on to explain the brightness of Halley's comet by the magnetic field resistance etc.]