For a century, scientists have assumed that the Earth has same chemical make-up as the sun. But this belief has been challenged by scientists at The Australian National University.
I have my own theory of planetary formation that would agree with the Saturnian model with some differences.
The basic assumption is that Saturn came into the electromagnetic field of Sol and was finally captured after many interactions with the field. I believe that with every interaction there was planetary birth. That is why there are so many moons orbiting Saturn. Here is how my model works.
After entering the electromagnetic field of Sol, Saturn is strongly attracted due to large differences in electrical charge potential. Saturn has a large inertial mass and to balance the inertia it must give electrons to (discharge) Sol. This is in the form of a plasma stream from Saturn's polar region to Sol. Plasma streams are like tornados and pick up debris as they spin. This debris flows along the Birkland currant towards Sol. The amount is large because the charges on the particles are all equal, they want to separate. All this is very much like the currant theory so far.
So, the electrical charge is moving towards Sol and new forces now come into play. There must be a point where the forces acting on the debris is equal in both directions, the theoretical Lagrange points. At these points the movement of matter would stall, collect, and build into a planet. At some point it would grow to such a mass that a new set of Lagrange points would appear. One would be towards Sol (and perhaps form the moon) and the other between Saturn and the newly formed Earth. Mars would be born. This would also build up and form another set of Lagrange points between the newly formed Mars and Saturn and between the Earth and Mars. Venus would be born. So now you have a string of planets all connected by a plasma stream and matching the mythological mode. As the planets grow the Lagrange points shift and the forces become unstable. Mars starts to move from the Lagrange points between Venus and Mars and Earth and Mars. Every time it moves back and forth it carries a charge to the Earth and accepts one from Venus (the hero warrior). The stable points finally collapse when Jupiter comes close. The most highly charged planet (Venus) races towards Sol to discharge. The scarred Mars is left between the asteroid belt (remains of a planet?) and the Earth. Earth settles into a new orbit around Sol.
Some questions: If Lagrange points for gravity can be calculated, where are the Lagrange points for the electromagnetic forces? Electromagnetic force is reckoned to be 10 to the power of 43 times stronger than gravity. As these forces interact in the orbit around the sun the points must be moving. When will the earth be, once again, at the focal point of massive electromagnetic forces? What would the effect be? Can they be additive, subtractive, or reflective? Do the points comb interstellar space and latch onto debris?
Sparky! With two words and a link you have consigned me to weeks of study!! Very interresting!
Thanks
saul
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
jetstove wrote:
[...]
Some questions: If Lagrange points for gravity can be calculated, where are the Lagrange points for the electromagnetic forces? Electromagnetic force is reckoned to be 10 to the power of 43 times stronger than gravity. As these forces interact in the orbit around the sun the points must be moving. When will the earth be, once again, at the focal point of massive electromagnetic forces? What would the effect be? Can they be additive, subtractive, or reflective? Do the points comb interstellar space and latch onto debris?
The trouble with this kind of theory is that it assumes the space around the objects is vacuum. In fact they are embedded in a plasma. In a plasma, charge carriers are free to move and will move to balance out the electric field and hence the field only extends out to a certain distance called a DeBye length. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye_length
In almost all cases the DeBye length will be far inside any Lagrange point, unless you are willing to invoke some more interesting dynamic plasma physics which allows static electric fields to be stable in a conductive media, in which case I am all ears
Anaconda
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
As for electromagnetic Lagrange points, I don't know.
Saul, I'm sure, you have heard about Double Layers, in fact, your bringing up Debye length, seemingly anticipates arguments about electric fields in space (I know because I've read those arguments before). However, in my opinion, that's a red herring because, first; the presence of electric fields, even if limited in scope, have a dramatic impact on charged particle kinetic and vector reactions which extend beyond the electric field, second; given that electromagnetism's physical properties are well established by plasma laboratory experiments as being scale-independent, assertions about Debye length being scale-dependent, ring hollow. What is determinant is the energy level, density of charged particles. and total number of charged particles present, larger-scale, energy intensive plasma interactions will have larger Debye length possibility.
In my experience, the "Debye length" dismissal is simply an excuse not to "grasp the nettle" of the electromagnetic position in discussions of how astrophysical plasmas behave and interact.
In brief, the formation of Double Layers do not depend on pre-existing charge seperation, rather, Double Layers form where bodies of plasma collide and, in turn, cause charge separation, and, thus, segregated currents of electrons and ions.
Double Layers are the cause of charge separation, their formation does not depend on a pre-existing state of charge separation, but, rather, on the collision of plasma bodies with different physical properties — charge separation can be present, but is not a necessary prerequisite, for the formation of Double Layers in astrophysical plasma.
In regards to quasi-neutral plasma, it is important to remember, while the plasma has equal numbers of electrons & ions, it is still an ionized or an electrified body. Coulomb force is present among the free electrons & ions in a body of plasma.
Wikipedia entry wrote: Coulomb's law or Coulomb's inverse-square law is a law of physics describing the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles.
Coulomb force is present in all plasmas — or, in fact, it wouldn't be a plasma, but instead a body of neutral gas.
Given the above statement, one needs to be conscious of the physics of how a Double Layer forms in bodies of plasma:
Anthony L. Peratt provides a two-step statement of how Double Layers form in astrophysical plasma:
"The moving plasma, i.e., charged particles flows, are currents that produce self-magnetic fields, however weak." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
"An electromotive force [mathematical equation] giving rise to electrical currents in conducting media is produced wherever a relative perpendicular motion of plasma and magnetic fields exists." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
In other words, colliding bodies of plasma, yes, colliding quasi-neutral bodies of plasma, cause Double Layer boundary sheaths to form, which, then, in turn, causes the separation and acceleration of charged particles, which are segregated into bodies of electrons & ions, thus, segregated electric currents. These segregated electric currents are often called field-aligned beams of ions and electrons accelerated in opposite directions. It's the electric field formed by the Double Layer that accelerates the beams of ions and electrons.
Who is Dr. Anthony L. Peratt?
Peratt biography wrote: Anthony L. Peratt (S'60, M'63, SM'85, F'99) received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1971 from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Earlier degrees include the MSEE, USC, 1967; UCLA, 1963-1964, BSEE, California State Polytechnic University. He was a Staff Member at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1972-1979); a Guest Physicist at Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany (1975-1977); a Guest Scientist, Alfvén Laboratory of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden (1985); and, at Los Alamos National Laboratory from1981to the present serving in the Applied Theoretical Physics Division, Physics Division, Associate Laboratory Directorate for Experimental Programs; and as Scientific Advisor to the United States Department of Energy (1995-1999) where he served a term as Acting Director, National Security, in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Directorate.
Dr. Peratt's research interests have included numerical and experimental contributions to high-energy density plasmas and intense particle beams; explosively-driven pulsed power generators; lasers; intense-power-microwave sources; particles; high energy density phenomena, Z-pinches, and inertially driven fusion target designs.
He has served as session organizer for space plasmas, IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science 1987-1989; Guest Editor, Transactions on Plasma Science, special issues on Space Plasmas 1986, 89, 90, 92, 2000, 2003; Organizer, IEEE International Workshops on Space Plasmas, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2003; Associate Editor, Transactions on Plasma Science, 1989-; Elected member of IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Science Society (NPSS) Executive Committee (ExCom), 1987-1989; 1995- 1997; GENERAL CHAIRMAN, IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1994. IEEE NPSS ExCom Vice Chairman 1997; Elected to the IEEE NPSS Administrative Committee, 1997, named an IEEE Fellow, 1999.
He holds memberships in the American Physical Society, American Astronomical Society, Eta Kappa Nu and has earned the United States Department of Energy Distinguished Performance Award, 1987, 1999; IEEE Distinguished Lecturer Award, 1993; Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, University of Oslo Physics Department, and Norsk Hydro Kristian Birkeland Lecturer, 1995. Dr. Peratt is Author, Physics of the Plasma Universe, Springer-Verlag (1992); Editor, Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1995); Editor, Advanced Topics in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997). Anthony Peratt can be reached at alp@ieeetps.org
Anthony L. Peratt understands the physical dynamics of space plasmas and how Double Layers form in astrophysical plasmas.
Note, in Dr. Peratt's two conjoined statements there is no limit or reference to scale dependence, which is fit, as stated above, plasma laboratory experiments have repeatedly validated the scale-independence of the electromagnetic force.
saul
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
Thanks for your reply Anaconda. Yes, I should apologize for "trolling" with my remark about the Debye length in this forum However such a reply is what I am interested in and I believe important in many discussions here. First of all, I should point out that the classical Debye length does depend on the density and temperature of the plasma.
In any case as far as the Legrange points go the formation of double layers may allow for stable charge separation but the position of null points in the electric field is unlikely to be that of naked charges which would produce such Legrange points. The calculation of Legrange points of electric fields is not useful in an astrophysical/planetary context.
I believe the difference between the quasi-Neutral and your approach is that mentioned in Alfvens papers on double layers in astrophysics: that the Debye length calculation is a "local" system, which doesn't consider other externals currents and magnetic fields which could affect the system. The paper references Peratt's work.
However, AFAIK there is no well developed theory of how the plasma resistivity changes due to magnetic fields in a double layer.. there are some simulations of double layers mentioned in the '86 paper which I need to look up. The term seems to largely have disappeared in the literature, being replaced by shock or magnetic shock (sometimes "boundary layer") which seems to perform the same basic function. In scientific language there are often terms replacing others and the trend like most of language is almost never logical. However I am interested if you think there are some fundamental differences in the meaning or physics.
Anaconda
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
Hi saul:
saul wrote: Thanks for your reply Anaconda. Yes, I should apologize for "trolling" with my remark about the Debye length in this forum
You're welcome. No need to apologize. I was happy to rise to the discussion and state my reply.
saul wrote: However such a reply is what I am interested in and I believe important in many discussions here.
Yes, it's a good discussion to have. You are right in your belief that it is important in many discussions here because the Double Layer process, relationship or dynamic (Hannes Alfven called it a 'phenomena'), as discussed and subscribed to by Hannes Alfven, and Anthony L. Peratt, in my opinion, is a central proposition of the Electric Universe paradigm.
saul wrote: First of all, I should point out that the classical Debye length does depend on the density and temperature of the plasma.
Good, as that reflects what I wrote:
Anaconda wrote: What is determinant is the energy level, density of charged particles. and total number of charged particles present, larger-scale, energy intensive plasma interactions will have larger Debye length possibility.
The "energy level" is the "temperature of the plasma", but maybe more useful for understanding plasma, in my opinion, is to think of it as kinetic velocity of the charged particles, as the higher the kinetic velocity, the higher the energy level, as detected from Earth or satellite space probe. But remember, Browning "temperature" is a measure of random particle vibration, rather, than vector kinetic energy, so the term, 'temperature', in my opinion is slightly misleading, because vector kinetic energy is a better description, as charged particles are subject to control by magnetic & electric fields in space, as moving plasma generates its own magnetic field and bodies of plasma tend to follow magnetic fields.
saul wrote: I believe the difference between the quasi-Neutral and your approach is that mentioned in Alfvens papers on double layers in astrophysics: that the Debye length calculation is a "local" system, which doesn't consider other externals currents and magnetic fields which could affect the system. The paper references Peratt's work.
My position is based on Hannes Alfven's work, as best I understand it and Anthony L. Peratt's work, as best I understand it. In fact, I don't claim originality regarding my above reply, except the immediate composition of the reply, itself. Although, I will take credit for conjoining the two Peratt statments, to the best of my knowledge, into a single physical definition of what will cause a Double Layer:
Anaconda wrote: Anthony L. Peratt provides a two-step statement of how Double Layers form in astrophysical plasma:
"The moving plasma, i.e., charged particles flows, are currents that produce self-magnetic fields, however weak." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
"An electromotive force [mathematical equation] giving rise to electrical currents in conducting media is produced wherever a relative perpendicular motion of plasma and magnetic fields exists." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
Yes, Hannes Alfven thought it necessary, in order to fully understand plasma dynamics, to map the electric fields.
Hannes Alfven wrote: In order to understand the phenomena in a certain plasma region, it is necessary to map not only the magnetic but also the electric field and electric currents.
I will add, this is what I have written before, regarding Coronal Mass Ejections (CME):
Anaconda wrote: At any rate, in order to gain a better understanding of the physical dynamics of CME's, observations & measurements must take into account all the physical perameters: Magetic fields, electric fields, charged particle density, location, direction and points of acceleration.
It is my contention and the Electric Universe hypothesis that CME's are a type of Double Layer explosion. In current or more recent peer-reviewed published papers, this concept is referred to as Current Disruption theory. In Alfven's Double Layer explosion, the trigger for the release of energy is a disruption of current through the Double Layer.
I'll add, it's necessary to fully understand the phenomena to observe & measure the energy level, i. e., the temperature of the plasma, the kinetic velocity and vector of the plasma.
saul wrote: However, AFAIK there is no well developed theory of how the plasma resistivity changes due to magnetic fields in a double layer..
I can't supply an answer. Frankly, that is an excellent question, but, perhaps, the reason this question hasn't been answered or investigated is a lack of research, and that is because it requires an acknowledgment of the wide-spread presence of Double Layers in space plasma, and, so far, that has not been admitted by conventional astrophysics.
(Or I'm simply unaware of the scientific research in that area of research, which is entirely possible.)
saul wrote: The term seems to largely have disappeared in the literature, being replaced by shock or magnetic shock (sometimes "boundary layer") which seems to perform the same basic function. In scientific language there are often terms replacing others and the trend like most of language is almost never logical. However I am interested if you think there are some fundamental differences in the meaning or physics.
Yes, that is true, Hannes Alfven, with his prestige in the astronomical community, was hard to ignore, he got a hearing, and had a conference at NASA, but, with his passing, those opposed to his views, who never adopted his theories or the supporting physical concepts, went right back to what was accepted in the astrophysical community.
Mostly, this is because those opposed to Hannes Alfven's views, didn't want to acknowledge the electric field and electric currents in space, so the term, 'shock', or even 'magnetic shock' (the magnetic fields simply can't be denied), which is a mechanical or fluid dynamic term, is used. The end result avoids having to consider the electric field or electric currents — as electric currents — rather, than simply particle flows, devoid of the electrical component.
Saul, there is a reason why certain terms are used and how the concepts came into being. Let's take what I've previously written regarding CME's as an example since I've already touched on the subject:
Anaconda wrote: So-called "magnetic reconnection" was developed in response to ground observations of CME's, and, in the pre-space age of 1946, only magnetic fields could be observed from ground observatories.
The early "magnetic reconnection" papers all focussed on magnetic fields, but the magnetic field is only one force among many which also includes electric fields, charged particle density, location, velocity, direction, and points of acceleration.
As a result, these early papers never quantified the process and many disagreements existed among the scientists studying the process.
Other scientists applied an electromagnetic framework from the beginning of their analysis & interpretation (which had already been developed in the laboratory), these scientists applied the Electric Double Layer model, which has been qualitatively & quantitatively resolved.
And, this electromagnetic analysis & interpretation has been validated by in situ satellite probes.
Of course, Yamada, et al., doesn't discuss Electric Double Layers or compare & contrast the two processes because if they did, it would be readily apparent the processes are one and the same process, with, albeit, different names.
It's simple: The "magnetic reconnection" camp can't admit the Electric Double Layer analysis & interpretation was right all along because then the game would be over.
Clearly, an electromagnetic framework of analysis & interpretation is required to develop a model for the process in question: Formation & propagation of coronal mass ejections (CME's).
I still maintain this is the reason why so-called "magnetic reconnection" is so fiercely held onto in the astrophysical community.
But with recent satellite probes which can measure electric fields, charged particle direction, velocity, acceleration, and density, in addition to magnetic fields, these scientists are in the embarrassing position of observing & measuring the exact same signature of a Double Layer, which already has been qualitatively & quantitatively formalized, in the plasma laboratory, and having to insist on calling it "magnetic reconnection".
Of course, the only difference is the term, at one level, because the physical phenomena is the same, no matter what it is called, but at another level, those that use the term, 'shock' or 'magnetic shock', do so without either understanding or acknowledging the full electromagnetic component, specifically the electric component. (The astrophysical community uses the magnetic component, forgetting Maxwell's equations require the electric component, as the two forces are reciprical of each other and inseparable, so the electric component must be considered.)
Why this insistence on avoiding the electric component?
You want my opinion?
Well, to come to grips with the full electromagnetic force, being that it is so much more powerful and dynamic than the force of gravity would upset a lot of established apple carts.
Anaconda
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
Hi saul:
I need to clarify an issue:
saul wrote: I believe the difference between the quasi-Neutral and your approach is that mentioned in Alfvens papers on double layers in astrophysics: that the Debye length calculation is a "local" system, which doesn't consider other externals currents and magnetic fields which could affect the system. The paper references Peratt's work.
My approach is consistent with and works within the principles & definition of quasi-Neutrality.
Anaconda wrote: In regards to quasi-neutral plasma, it is important to remember, while the plasma has equal numbers of electrons & ions, it is still an ionized or an electrified body. Coulomb force is present among the free electrons & ions in a body of plasma.
Anaconda wrote: In brief, the formation of Double Layers do not depend on pre-existing charge separation, rather, Double Layers form where bodies of [quasi-Neutral] plasma collide and, in turn, cause charge separation, and, thus, segregated currents of electrons and ions.
Double Layers are the cause of charge separation, their formation does not depend on a pre-existing state of charge separation, but, rather, on the collision of plasma bodies with different physical properties — charge separation can be present, but is not a necessary prerequisite, for the formation of Double Layers in astrophysical plasma.
The following is a partial description of an astrophysical phenomena:
The injection rate is dependent on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock, which determines the rate at which incoming particles are reflected or scattered back upstream, and it appears to be very sensitive to the local magnetic obliquity. For quasi-perpendicular shocks, thermal particles are not able to scatter sufficiently to initiate diffusive shock acceleration before the magnetic field sweeps them through the shock. Determining the injection mechanism is nontrivial. Even after years of investigations of the Earth's bow shock based on International Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE) and Cluster data, the origin of the field-aligned beams that initiate the ion-acceleration process is unknown.
The origin of the field-alinged particle beams of electrons and ions is consistent with the signature of a Double Layer where field-alinged segregated particle beams of electrons & ions are accelerated in opposite directions by the initiation of an electric field upon the formation of the Double Layer as the result of the collision of two bodies of plasma consistent with the two-step approach outlined by Dr. Anthony L. Peratt's statements:
"The moving plasma, i.e., charged particles flows, are currents that produce self-magnetic fields, however weak." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
"An electromotive force [mathematical equation] giving rise to electrical currents in conducting media is produced wherever a relative perpendicular motion of plasma and magnetic fields exists." — Dr. Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired
Anaconda wrote: In other words, colliding bodies of plasma, yes, colliding quasi-neutral bodies of plasma, cause Double Layer boundary sheaths [Langmuir sheath] to form, which, then, in turn, causes the segregation and acceleration of charged particles [in opposite directions], which are segregated into bodies of electrons & ions, thus, segregated electric currents.
I hope this clarifies the relationship of "quasi-Neutral" bodies of plasma and the approach outlined so that it is understood that the initiation of a Double Layer is consistent with the accepted principles & definition of quasi-neutral plasma.
Perhaps, food for thought at an experimental level from UCLA Basic Plasma Science Facility:
UCLA Ba PSF caption for schematic wrote: Three dimensional field lines taken from a volumetric data set in an experiment in which two laser produced plasmas collide. Data was acquired at 30,000 locations in a 3D volume in the LAPD device. Shown are the magnetic fields due to Alfven wave currents. The two Carbon targets that the lpp plasmas originate at are seen in the background. The "sparkles" are the induced electric field calculated from -dA/dt. Note that the induced field is largest in the reconnection region at the center of the image. The data is acquired 5 us after the targets are struck and 6.56 meters and 65.6 cm away. There is a background He plasma (n = 2X10^12 cm-3, B0z (not shown) = 600G)
Three-dimensional current systems generated by plasmas colliding in a background magnetoplasma.
I suggest a Double Layer is formed where plasmas collide and an electric field is initiated.
dusthurricane
Gowdon bennett - At the top of this topic - Lloyd states that this theory is accepted by most if not all of the thunderbolt team. Oh well. I am dissapointed if this is true. Please put me on the team - i'll sort it. Orbits are pre-determined bands which form when the star forms. Solar systems are complete packages from the start. They form nearer the centre of the galaxy where mangetic loops are inplace cutting through the gas clouds - the outer galaxy is the destiny of all planetary solar systems. Non planetary stars are functional units and may be arranged in configurations with other stars to perform a specific function within the galaxy core. So all this talk of browm dwarfs etc... orbiting another active star...please. Oribital law is a fractal type law. I will add, when stars burst into life, so do to the planets - an early solar systems will look like smaller stars orbiting parent star(s). At the centre of all orbiting celestial bodies is a star like structure which feeds from the band which it is assigned to. The band is an extension to the star itself, not just a path of orbit. It is a channel. -
Lloyd
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
DH Theory * DH, you should start a thread about your theory on the NIAMI board at the bottom of the forum. These other boards are just for EU theory discussion. I mean if you want to explain your theory in detail, that's where you should do it. Saturn Theory * EU theory on this website is based on Saturn Theory, which is based on common themes discovered in ancient myths worldwide, which are considered as evidence of what the ancients saw in the skies. Saturn Theory developed from Velikovsky's findings in 1950, but rejects some of his conclusions about Venus and Mars encountering Earth in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Instead, they are considered likely to have encountered Earth etc around the 3rd millennium BC. * This is the first of six videos about ancient myths: http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=David%20Talbott~ * These two videos show that ancient myths led to the finding that Mars was carved by electrical forces: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_T6__JDeyw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-qrnsh83f4
Anaconda
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
There is a substantial body of evidence to support a mechanism to introduce large amounts of energy into the Earth's crust & mantle which could account for the mass extinctions of 11,000 B. C. and the plasma effects observed & recorded by humans at about this time in history. The best scientific evidence currently available strongly suggests this electromagnetic energy came from the Sun, not Saturn.
The physical evidence for Earth being a moon of Saturn is almost non-existant. Both plant & animal behavior is consistent with a day & night cycle for tens of thousands of years, if not much longer. But Earth being a moon of a brown dwarf star — Saturn — where there would be no day or night, only a consistent ambient glow does not match up with plant & animal life being accustomed (evolved even) to the day & night cycle.
I subscribe to Dr. Anthony L. Peratt's theory that a High-Current, Z-Pinch Aurora enveloped the Earth and most likely has enveloped the Earth many times in the Earth's past.
The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day presents numerous articles which support Dr. Peratt's conclusions. These articles have been primarily written by Rens Van Der Sluijs, based on his substantial and volumous work, which can be validated by many different scientific & mythological sources.
Here are the peer-reviewed scientific papers which support my position:
Dr. Peratt laid out the scientific evidence for such a High-Current, Z-Pinch in two scientific papers published in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE:
Characteristics for the Occurrence of a High-Current, Z-Pinch Aurora as Recorded in Antiquity (I & 2) by Dr. Anthony L. Peratt:
Dr. Peratt's reputation & understanding of plasma phenomenon both in the laboratory and in the field is unmatched.
The process Dr. Peratt describes based on his laboratory work with plasma phenomenon & field work cataloging petroglyphs is exhaustive.
Per Anthony L. Peratt:
The discovery that objects from the Neolithic or Early Bronze Age carry patterns associated with high-current Z-pinches provides a possible insight into the origin and meaning of these ancient symbols produced by man. This paper directly compares the graphical and radiation data from high-current Z-pinches to these patterns. The paper focusses primarily, but not exclusively, on petroglyphs. It is found that a great many archaic petroglyphs can be classified accoridng to plasma stability and instability data. As the same morphological types are found worldwide, the comparisons suggest the occurance of an intense aurora, as might be produced if the solar wind had increased between one and two orders of magnitude, a millennia ago.
And, it turns out that Science has observed & measured stars that have powerful electromagnetic current sheets radiating out from their equators:
This would seem to offer observational confirmation that aurora current sheets can exist which are orders of magnitude stronger than the present heliopheric current sheet.
And these plasma, electric current sheets would introduce huge amounts of electromagnetic energy into the Earth's crust and mantle, plus, this energy level given off by the Sun likely was repeated numerous times in Earth's past.
Regardless of the exact age of the Earth (I agree no one knows), it does appear high electromagnetic energy epochs were repeated across the great expanse of Earth's history. These epochs were catastrophic in effect and extent. There were many secondary electromagnetic effects and phenomena. It seems quite possible that mass extinctions, including large reductions in human populations, even civilization collapsing effects could have happened.
Orbits of the planets could have been disrupted & changed. The planet Venus likely would have had a magneto-tail lighted by glow mode and even arc discharge electromagnetic effects. Venus' orbit could have been effected with the plasma from the magneto-tail impinging on the Earth with catatrophic effects, as well. Likely, this would have happened in cyclic patterns that the ancients could have tracted, even predicted, (what an opportunity for "priests" to gain temporal power) thus, the facination with the orbit of the planets, so as to predict the coming of Venus with its magnetotail impingement. The gas giants, yes, Saturn, would, likely, have been also "lighted", perhaps, even the whole of Saturn's magnetosphere would have been in glow mode with parts possibly in arc discharge mode. A spectacular vision in the night sky, perhaps visible even in daylight.
The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day presents a variety of articles which support Dr. Peratt's conclusions. These articles have been primarily written by Rens Van Der Sluijs, based on his substantial and volumous work, which can be validated by many different sources, both scientific & mythological, which no on disputes exists, rather, it is the analysis & interpretation which is at issue. Rens Van Der Sluijs provides compelling analysis & interpretation for his conclusions.
Why does the Thunderbolts Picture of the Day present these articles?
Because there is so much scientific evidence which supports Dr. Peratt's theory which can be cited and presented so readers can consider the evidence for themselves and come to their own conclusions — even do their own independent research, not simply accept it from some "on high" source.
Another physical effect would be an increased volcanism at perhaps catastraphic activity levels and, thus, large amounts of material being expelled into the atmosphere, for which there is supporting physical evidence.
At times in Earth's history, the surface was a very inhospitable place to be.
The problem for the "Earth was a moon of Saturn" idea is that much of it depends an interpretation of Summarian manuscrips which is singular and limited. Such singular interpretation does not provide a firm scientific foundation for such conclusions which are clearly extraordinary claims.
Extraordinary claims, at the very least, require clear scientific evidence. (Frankly, extraordinary claims are said to require extraordinary evidence, but for discussion, here, clear scientific evidence will do...)
That simply doesn't exist for claims that Earth was a moon of Saturn when Saturn was a brown dwarf roaming the Milky Way galaxy then became a planet orbiting the Sun.
PersianPaladin
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
Anaconda wrote: There is a substantial body of evidence to support a mechanism to introduce large amounts of energy into the Earth's crust & mantle which could account for the mass extinctions of 11,000 B. C. and the plasma effects observed & recorded by humans at about this time in history. The best scientific evidence currently available strongly suggests this electromagnetic energy came from the Sun, not Saturn.
The physical evidence for Earth being a moon of Saturn is almost non-existant. Both plant & animal behavior is consistent with a day & night cycle for tens of thousands of years, if not much longer. But Earth being a moon of a brown dwarf star — Saturn — where there would be no day or night, only a consistent ambient glow does not match up with plant & animal life being accustomed (evolved even) to the day & night cycle.
I subscribe to Dr. Anthony L. Peratt's theory that a High-Current, Z-Pinch Aurora enveloped the Earth and most likely has enveloped the Earth many times in the Earth's past.
The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day presents numerous articles which support Dr. Peratt's conclusions. These articles have been primarily written by Rens Van Der Sluijs, based on his substantial and volumous work, which can be validated by many different scientific & mythological sources.
Here are the peer-reviewed scientific papers which support my position:
Dr. Peratt laid out the scientific evidence for such a High-Current, Z-Pinch in two scientific papers published in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE:
Characteristics for the Occurrence of a High-Current, Z-Pinch Aurora as Recorded in Antiquity (I & 2) by Dr. Anthony L. Peratt:
Dr. Peratt's reputation & understanding of plasma phenomenon both in the laboratory and in the field is unmatched.
The process Dr. Peratt describes based on his laboratory work with plasma phenomenon & field work cataloging petroglyphs is exhaustive.
Per Anthony L. Peratt:
The discovery that objects from the Neolithic or Early Bronze Age carry patterns associated with high-current Z-pinches provides a possible insight into the origin and meaning of these ancient symbols produced by man. This paper directly compares the graphical and radiation data from high-current Z-pinches to these patterns. The paper focusses primarily, but not exclusively, on petroglyphs. It is found that a great many archaic petroglyphs can be classified accoridng to plasma stability and instability data. As the same morphological types are found worldwide, the comparisons suggest the occurance of an intense aurora, as might be produced if the solar wind had increased between one and two orders of magnitude, a millennia ago.
And, it turns out that Science has observed & measured stars that have powerful electromagnetic current sheets radiating out from their equators:
This would seem to offer observational confirmation that aurora current sheets can exist which are orders of magnitude stronger than the present heliopheric current sheet.
And these plasma, electric current sheets would introduce huge amounts of electromagnetic energy into the Earth's crust and mantle, plus, this energy level given off by the Sun likely was repeated numerous times in Earth's past.
Regardless of the exact age of the Earth (I agree no one knows), it does appear high electromagnetic energy epochs were repeated across the great expanse of Earth's history. These epochs were catastrophic in effect and extent. There were many secondary electromagnetic effects and phenomena. It seems quite possible that mass extinctions, including large reductions in human populations, even civilization collapsing effects could have happened.
Orbits of the planets could have been disrupted & changed. The planet Venus likely would have had a magneto-tail lighted by glow mode and even arc discharge electromagnetic effects. Venus' orbit could have been effected with the plasma from the magneto-tail impinging on the Earth with catatrophic effects, as well. Likely, this would have happened in cyclic patterns that the ancients could have tracted, even predicted, (what an opportunity for "priests" to gain temporal power) thus, the facination with the orbit of the planets, so as to predict the coming of Venus with its magnetotail impingement. The gas giants, yes, Saturn, would, likely, have been also "lighted", perhaps, even the whole of Saturn's magnetosphere would have been in glow mode with parts possibly in arc discharge mode. A spectacular vision in the night sky, perhaps visible even in daylight.
The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day presents a variety of articles which support Dr. Peratt's conclusions. These articles have been primarily written by Rens Van Der Sluijs, based on his substantial and volumous work, which can be validated by many different sources, both scientific & mythological, which no on disputes exists, rather, it is the analysis & interpretation which is at issue. Rens Van Der Sluijs provides compelling analysis & interpretation for his conclusions.
Why does the Thunderbolts Picture of the Day present these articles?
Because there is so much scientific evidence which supports Dr. Peratt's theory which can be cited and presented so readers can consider the evidence for themselves and come to their own conclusions — even do their own independent research, not simply accept it from some "on high" source.
Another physical effect would be an increased volcanism at perhaps catastraphic activity levels and, thus, large amounts of material being expelled into the atmosphere, for which there is supporting physical evidence.
At times in Earth's history, the surface was a very inhospitable place to be.
The problem for the "Earth was a moon of Saturn" idea is that much of it depends an interpretation of Summarian manuscrips which is singular and limited. Such singular interpretation does not provide a firm scientific foundation for such conclusions which are clearly extraordinary claims.
Extraordinary claims, at the very least, require clear scientific evidence. (Frankly, extraordinary claims are said to require extraordinary evidence, but for discussion, here, clear scientific evidence will do...)
That simply doesn't exist for claims that Earth was a moon of Saturn when Saturn was a brown dwarf roaming the Milky Way galaxy then became a planet orbiting the Sun.
You forget that evolutionary changes in the morphogenetic fields of living organisms can be near-instant. Have a read up on the work that has been published on this. Here's a brief summary:-
So, plants could've adapted to a day-night cycle. Who knows eh?
There is a plethora of evidence of a "sun" at the polar regions of our planet, in a range of civilisations and parts of the world. Why was it stationery? How is that possible? We don't know - but if you look at the Polar Configuration and how Venus and Mars have been said to inter-relate with Saturn, then we can see that electrical effects are clearly present. Intense aurora effects could've also manifested themselves whenever the configuration became unstable. If you read the various Catastrophist journals over the years, you will see that there has been some debate over the details of the Saturn theory. Was the Earth actually orbiting around Saturn? Can't prove it, but I would not exclude this either! Remember, Talbott et al are WELL AWARE of Anthony Perratt's work. Talbott has actually met him on a few occasions and seen slide presentations.
PersianPaladin
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
The following is an excerpt from Dwardu Cardona's article "The Demands of the Saturnian Configuration Theory", From: SIS Chronology & Catastrophism Review 2000:1 "Proceedings of the SIS Silver Jubilee Event".
It was this immobility of Saturn, stated of the god and the planet, that made me realise very early in my research, together with Talbott, but independently of him, that Saturn had once occupied a stable position in Earth's north celestial sphere. It is not possible here to enumerate all the evidence concerning Saturn's immobility but a few snippets may be in order. For instance, one of the names for the planet Saturn in Assyro-Babylonian was Lu-Bat Sag Us, which translates as 'the steady planet' [60]. In Hebrew, the same planet is called S[h]abet (or Shabath), i.e. the 'Resting Planet' [61]. In the Papyrus of Ani, in which the deceased is prepared to enter heaven, he is addressed with these words: 'O thou who art without motion like unto Osiris!' - and this passage is twice repeated [62]. It thus becomes evident that Osiris was not only remembered as a sun that shone during the night [63] but as one that did not move. To indicate that this was no idle speculation by the ancient Egyptians, we also find Ra himself lauded as he 'who dost lie without movement' [64]. If Ra was the Sun, as mythologists would have us believe, why was it said to have been 'without movement'?
Therefore when the Makiritare Indians of Venezuela speak of Wanadi, a celestial being 'in the highest sky' who 'lit everything down to the very bottom' without ever setting, we can be sure that they are referring to the same planet Saturn. 'Wanadi is like a sun that never sets', they say [65].
Unless I am mistaken, there are only two ways in which the planet Saturn could have appeared suspended motionless in the sky without rising and setting. The first, and most believable, is to assume, as Lynn Rose and also Harold Tresman have done [66], that Earth orbited Saturn in phase-lock, like the Moon does in relation to Earth, thus always pointing the same hemisphere toward Saturn. As seen from Earth, Saturn would have appeared stationary in the sky. The second manner in which Saturn could have appeared immobile is much more difficult to digest and this is to have Earth stationed directly 'below' Saturn with both bodies sharing the same axis of rotation.
For years I objected to Rose's explanation of this phenomenon [67], just as he objected to Talbott's and mine [68]. More recently, Frederick Hall and David Talbott have suggested that it is quite possible that Saturn was phase-locked with Earth, in the manner that Rose posits, before it moved into a north polar position in relation to Earth[69] but, while I accept the possibility, I shall leave it for Talbott to expound on it at some future date. Even so, given that Rose's model is more feasible from a physical point of view, why should I continue to opt for the more bizarre idea of a Saturn stationed in Earth's north polar sky? The answer is simple: that is where the mytho-historical record places Saturn. Even Rose had to accept this:
'The traditions about an immovable Saturn atop some special pole made little sense after the Age of Kronos had come to an end. Those traditions were later revised and were attributed to the only 'immovable' point ... that could be found in the newer sky. To people in the northern hemisphere ... this was the north celestial pole ...'[70]. While it is possible, is it probable that 'these traditions' would have later been 'revised' all over the world? I cannot list all the multitudinous sources which claim that Saturn was once stationed in the spot in the sky now occupied by the Pole Star but I shall give a few snippets. The Egyptians, for instance, had no qualms about placing Ra 'in the north of heaven' [71], which again raises the question: if Ra was truly the Sun, what would he be doing there? In the 'Babylonian' zodiac, the emblem representing Shamash (i.e. Saturn) together with that of Venus and Sin, is placed in the north celestial sphere [72]. The Iranian Kevan, i.e. the planet Saturn, was said to have occupied the polar centre [73]. Bran, the Celtic Saturn, was called 'the Niggard from the North' [74]. In China, the planet Saturn is given the same name as the Pole Star [75]. In addition, the records of the ancients do not describe this strange situation always in the same manner but in a hundred different ways, contradicting the diffusionist borrowing of the belief.
Can the demands which this postulate raises, too, be met? The postulate concerning the former polar station of the planet Saturn raises more than one demand but I shall only touch upon one - and it will serve to show that physical requirements, as well as those which the mytho-historical record itself answers, can be met.
PersianPaladin
Re: Earth Was a Moon of Saturn
How did Mars get so close to Earth to the extent that it could connect to the Earth in the form of a "chain of arrows"?
The previous Picture of the Day described several of the many myths that refer to a celestial chain of arrows or a celestial ladder. It asked, how is this theme to be explained?
A significant pointer is the realisation that stories concerning the arrow-chain form a subset of the mythology of the axis mundi, the "cosmic column" that occupies such a prominent position in the sacred traditions of most human cultures. Embedded in this larger body of material, the suspicion that the serried arrows mark a specific stage in the temporal development of the column will not be wide off the mark.
When, during the second part of the nineteenth century, physicists began to experiment with electrical discharges in rarefied gases, they soon discovered that a sustained discharge may exhibit striation and take the form of a row of multiple discs or toroids. Perhaps preceded by the little-known Henry d'Abria in 1843, the Welsh judge and physicist, Sir William Robert Grove (1811-1896), first hit upon the phenomenon in 1852. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) himself observed in 1873:
"Some of the forms of electrical discharge through rare gases are exceedingly remarkable. In some cases there is a regular alternation of luminous and dark strata, so that if the electricity, for example, is passing along a tube containing a very small quantity of gas, a number of luminous disks will be seen arranged transversely at nearly equal intervals along the axis of the tube and separated by dark strata. If the strength of the current be increased a new disk will start into existence, and it and the old disks will arrange themselves in closer order. … These, and many other phenomena of electrical discharge, are exceedingly important, and when they are better understood they will probably throw great light on the nature of electricity as well as on the nature of gases and of the medium pervading space."
In modern terminology, such "luminous disks" are viewed as a type of plasma instability occurring in z-pinches; informally – though not in the published literature – they have been referred to as "Peratt Instabilities," after the American plasma physicist, Anthony Peratt.
From Ev Cochrane's article "Stairway to Heaven" - Aeon V:1 (Nov 1997)
The Chain of Arrows
Apparent in this account from the Watunna is the widespread mythological theme of the chain of arrows. Here a hero typically shoots a series of arrows to heaven in order to form a ladder upon which to climb. Not infrequently, the arrow-ladder leads to the house of the "Sun." The following account, from the Tsimshian Indians of North America, offers a representative example of this theme:
"The sky is a beautiful open country. It is reached through the hole in the sky, which opens and closes...The sky may also be reached by means of a ladder which extends from the mountains to the sky. Another person reached the sky by means of a chain of arrows. He shot one arrow, which hit the edge of the hole in the sky; the next arrow hit the nock of the first one; and by continuing this way a chain was made, along which he ascended. After reaching the sky, the visitor finds himself on a trail which leads to the house of the Sun chief. In this house the Sun lives with his daughter...The Sun's daughter is the Evening Star. On leaving the sky, the traveler comes to the edge of a flat prairie, whence he may slide down on the rays of the sun, which reach down to our earth."[34] Several motives are of interest here.[35] In addition to the universal motive of the symplegades, one finds an allusion to the "road of the sun," a concept likewise found in Babylonian astronomy, there associated with the planet Saturn.[36] Significantly, Babylonian omens warn of the dire consequences should Mars reach the road of Saturn.[37] Most important for our purposes here, however, is the report that the Sun's daughter is identified as the Evening Star; i.e., the planet Venus. As we have documented elsewhere, the planet Venus is frequently described as the daughter (or wife) of the ancient sun-god.
From North America we turn to Australia, where an interesting variation upon the chain of arrows theme can be found. That the various aboriginal peoples showed a "remarkable interest in the movement of the planets" has been noted by more than one anthropologist.[38] Consider, for example, the following myth collected from the Jaralde tribe, an aboriginal people of South Australia who did not know the use of bow and arrows. Once upon a time, they report, a primeval figure named Waijungari threw a lance up to the sky which, upon sticking, allowed the hero to climb up its haft and reach heaven. There Waijangari continues to live, as the planet Mars.[39]
Here, once again, the planet Mars is associated with an ascent to heaven. The resemblance to the myths from Assyria and South America is apparent.
Confronted with complementary traditions from the ancient Near East, Australia, and the tropical rain forests of South America, it is difficult to avoid drawing the conclusion that the respective traditions linking Mars with a celestial staircase reflect common observations of the movements of the red planet. Yet here, too, questions abound. For what could be the objective reference of the celestial staircase?
