© Charles Chandler

 

These two have a distinct, bubble-like internal structure, in addition to the outer shell.

 

 

Figure 1. Butterfly Wings Nebula (M2-9).

© 1997 NASA/ESA

 

 

Figure 2. Ant Nebula (Mz 3).

 

 

Figure 3. Eskimo Nebula.

 

 

---

These have the classic hourglass shape.

 

 

Figure 4. Hourglass Nebula (MyCn 18).

 

 

Figure 5. PN Hb 12.

 

 

Figure 6. Southern Crab Nebula (Hen2-104).

 

 

Figure 7. Homunculus Nebula, which resulted from a flare-up of Eta Carinae in the 1840s.

 

 

---

These are unusual in that they are not symmetrical.

 

 

Figure 8. Calabash Nebula (OH 231.84 +4.22).

 

 

Figure 9. Herbig-Haro 46/47 in the Vela constellation, courtesy ALMA.

 

 

---

The Egg Nebula is a very interesting study in the present model, as it appears to be direct evidence of a filamentary collision caught in the act, corresponding to panels 3~5 in Figure 10. The inflowing dusty plasma itself is visible on the near side (almost vertical in Figure 11, but at a 45° angle in Figure 12), which shows the ragged tail of the filament at the upper left, and organized arc structures (especially in other wavelengths^1:L164) at the lower right. So along our sight-line, the filament is moving from us at the upper left, inward to the lower right, and then wrapping around behind the center out of our sight. The bipolar jets have just begun to erupt, and are in the process of merging together, but are still distinct streams. Thus this stage in the process is like panel #5 in Figure 10, since bipolar jets require annular explosions, but the charge streams haven't resolved into a single continuous toroid yet. Note that the jets themselves are just the fiery solid bodies, while the luminous channels defining the greatest extents of the "nebula" in Figure 11 are lighthouse beams that have been focused by the bipolar jets (i.e., by the curvature of photons toward greater densities, which in this case is toward the axis of the jets). The bipolar jets are expanding at ~300 km/s, while the radial ejecta are expanding at 20 km/s,^1:L164 proving that the conditions producing the bipolar jets emerged later, as the present model predicts.

 

 

Figure 11. Egg Nebula (CRL 2688). The false colors denote the polarization of the particles emitting the photons.

© 2003 NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team

 

 

Figure 12. The Egg Nebula (CRL 2688) in true colors.

© 2012 ESA/Hubble & NASA

 

 

---

The Red Rectangle Nebula might be the same thing as the Egg Nebula, just a little bit further along in its development, and with a greater angle between the binaries. Thus the stepped gradient might be the concentric shocks from preliminary explosions, though they have been perturbed by the bipolar jets, stretching circles into rectangles. There is no apparent inflowing dust lane, suggesting that the implosion has already completed.

 

 

Figure 13. Red Rectangle Nebula (HD 44179).

 

 

---

These are poorly defined, and are not specifically treated in the present model.

 

 

Figure 14. Boomerang Nebula (PGC 3074547).

 

 

Figure 15. Butterfly Nebula (NGC 2346).