© Charles Chandler

 

The layers responsible for the heat & light released by the Sun. Positively charged liquid hydrogen (green) is topped by negatively charged plasma (dark orange), with a positive double-layer (yellow) at the very top. S-waves in the liquid hydrogen generate supergranules (light orange). The solar~heliospheric current through the positive double-layer generates the ohmic heating that is responsible for 1/2 of the blackbody radiation.