Lloyd said:

Charles, do you have a formula for estimating the rate of heat loss in stars at various phases? And won't such a formula tell you how much time it will take for a star to go through each phase, including the rocky planet phase?

Thanks for asking — this has turned out to be an interesting investigation. As concerns the rocky planet phase, that would last just about forever — the radiative heat loss will continue until all of the heat is gone, but the rate diminishes. I guess I could let the code keep running until it got all of the way down to 300 K, to see how long it will take the Sun to cool down to the temperature of the Earth. That's going to be a big number. ;)