© Charles Chandler name born died description Aristotle -384 -322 laws of motion Claudius Ptolemy 90 168 math model of celestial motions Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1543 heliocentric theory Johannes Kepler 1571 1630 elliptical orbits of planets Galileo Galilei 1564 1642 laws of motion, telescopes René Descartes 1596 1650 analytic geometry Isaac Newton 1642 1727 gravity, laws of motion Benjamin Franklin 1706 1790 lightning Antoine Lavoisier 1743 1794 conservation of mass Luigi Galvani 1737 1798 bioelectricity Charles de Coulomb 1736 1806 electrostatic laws Joseph Proust 1754 1826 law of chemical proportions Alessandro Volta 1745 1827 batteries André-Marie Ampère 1775 1836 electrodynamics John Dalton 1766 1844 atomic theory of matter Hans Ørsted 1777 1851 mag. fields from elec. currents Michael Faraday 1797 1867 electromagnetic induction James Clerk Maxwell 1831 1879 formulas for electromagnetism Dmitri Mendeleev 1834 1907 periodic table Oliver Heaviside 1850 1925 practical EM theory Hendrik Lorentz 1853 1928 special relativity Ernest Rutherford 1871 1937 atomic nuclei Albert Einstien 1879 1955 general relativity Niels Bohr 1885 1962 electron shells