CLC: Charged Double-Layers

• The atmosphere is bound to the planet by the electric force. This force is extreme, giving Venus the ability to capture and hold onto particles in the solar wind, despite the absence of a strong magnetic field, and in the presence of a robust wind, which by the standard model, should have stripped the planet of its atmosphere a long time ago.
• Evidence of the electric force is the high number of electrostatic discharges (i.e., lightning).
• Its rotation is being slowed by conflicts with the interplanetary magnetic field, which will eventually get it spinning in the same direction as the Sun and all of the other planets.